Which Statement Describes How Enzymes and Substrates Are Related?

Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in living organisms. Substrates are the molecules that enzymes act upon. The relationship between enzymes and substrates is essential for understanding how biological systems function.

The following statements describe how enzymes and substrates are related:

• Enzymes are specific for their substrates. Each enzyme can only catalyze a specific reaction or set of reactions. The specificity of enzymes is due to the shape of their active site, which is the part of the enzyme that binds to the substrate.
• Enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions. Activation energy is the amount of energy that is required to start a reaction. Enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions by providing an alternative pathway for the reaction to occur. This alternative pathway has a lower energy barrier than the uncatalyzed reaction, which makes the reaction more likely to occur.
• Enzymes increase the rate of reactions. The rate of a reaction is the number of times that the reaction occurs per unit time. Enzymes increase the rate of reactions by increasing the number of collisions between the substrate molecules and the active site of the enzyme.
• Enzymes are not consumed in reactions. Enzymes are recycled after each reaction, which means that they can be used over and over again. This is important for the efficiency of biological systems.

The relationship between enzymes and substrates is essential for understanding how biological systems function. Enzymes are responsible for catalyzing the chemical reactions that occur in cells. Without enzymes, these reactions would occur much more slowly, which would make life impossible.

Additional Information

Enzymes are classified into two main types:

• Simple enzymes are composed of only amino acids.
• Conjugated enzymes are composed of an amino acid component and a non-amino acid component, called a cofactor. Cofactors can be metal ions, vitamins, or other organic molecules.

The activity of enzymes can be affected by a number of factors, including:

• Temperature
• pH
• Concentration of substrate
• Concentration of enzyme
• Presence of inhibitors

Inhibitors are molecules that bind to enzymes and decrease their activity. Inhibitors can be either competitive or non-competitive. Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site of the enzyme and prevent the substrate from binding. Non-competitive inhibitors bind to other parts of the enzyme and change its shape, which makes it less likely to bind to the substrate.

Enzymes are essential for life. They are responsible for catalyzing the chemical reactions that occur in cells. Without enzymes, these reactions would occur much more slowly, which would make life impossible.

Conclusion

The relationship between enzymes and substrates is essential for understanding how biological systems function. Enzymes are specific for their substrates, lower the activation energy of reactions, increase the rate of reactions, and are not consumed in reactions. The activity of enzymes can be affected by a number of factors, including temperature, pH, concentration of substrate, concentration of enzyme, and presence of inhibitors. Enzymes are essential for life and are responsible for catalyzing the chemical reactions that occur in cells. Without enzymes, these reactions would occur much more slowly, which would make life impossible.

Tables

Table 1: Classification of enzymes

Table 2: Factors that affect enzyme activity

Table 3: Applications of enzymes

Table 4: Enzymes and diseases