Wainwright Building vs. Guaranty Building: Architectural Giants of St. Louis
Striding through the bustling streets of downtown St. Louis, two architectural behemoths stand as emblems of the city’s rich heritage. The Wainwright Building and the Guaranty Building, both designed by the visionary architect Louis Sullivan, have long fascinated architectural enthusiasts and history buffs alike.
Historical Context
Wainwright Building
Constructed in 1891, the Wainwright Building was Sullivan’s first major skyscraper. Commissioned by the furniture magnate Ellis Wainwright, it was a groundbreaking achievement in steel-frame construction and the first high-rise building to feature a curtain wall facade.
Guaranty Building
Completed in 1899, the Guaranty Building was Sullivan’s second skyscraper and a more refined expression of his architectural principles. Built for the Guaranty Trust Company, it showcased Sullivan’s signature blend of geometric ornament and functionalism.
Architectural Features
Design
Both buildings exemplify Sullivan’s architectural philosophy of “form follows function.” They feature vertical lines that accentuate their height, giving them a sense of grandeur. The Wainwright Building’s exterior is adorned with intricate cast-iron ornament, while the Guaranty Building boasts a simpler yet equally striking granite facade.
Ornament
Sullivan believed that ornament should enhance the building’s structure and symbolize its function. The Wainwright Building’s ornament includes floral motifs and stylized representations of furniture, reflecting its owner’s business. The Guaranty Building’s geometric patterns and terra cotta reliefs evoke the concept of security and trust.
Windows
Sullivan’s innovative use of windows allowed for ample natural light and provided a connection to the outside world. The Wainwright Building’s punched openings and the Guaranty Building’s large, arched windows contribute to their distinctive visual appeal.
Comparison
Height
- Wainwright Building: 10 stories (119 feet)
- Guaranty Building: 13 stories (187 feet)
Facade
- Wainwright Building: Cast-iron ornament
- Guaranty Building: Granite
Ornamentation
- Wainwright Building: Floral and furniture motifs
- Guaranty Building: Geometric patterns and terra cotta reliefs
Windows
- Wainwright Building: Punched openings
- Guaranty Building: Arched windows
Significance and Legacy
The Wainwright Building and the Guaranty Building are not only architectural masterpieces but also important landmarks in St. Louis and American architectural history. They have received numerous accolades and are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The buildings played a significant role in the development of the skyscraper and influenced generations of architects. Sullivan’s innovative designs pushed the boundaries of architectural expression and helped shape the skyline of modern cities.
Visitor Information
Wainwright Building
- Location: 709 Chestnut Street, St. Louis, MO 63101
- Hours: 8:00 AM – 5:00 PM, Monday – Friday
Guaranty Building
- Location: 314 North Broadway, St. Louis, MO 63102
- Hours: Accessible by guided tour only
Conclusion
The Wainwright Building and the Guaranty Building stand as enduring testaments to the genius of Louis Sullivan. Their innovative designs and enduring beauty continue to inspire awe and appreciation. As landmarks of St. Louis and icons of American architecture, they serve as reminders of the transformative power of human ingenuity.
