The Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress, an American heavy bomber used during World War II, is renowned for its durability and formidable defensive firepower. Amidst its legacy of heroic missions and unwavering spirit, the B-17’s tail art, known as “second patches,” has become an integral part of the aircraft’s identity.
Significance of Second Patches
Second patches, typically painted on the vertical stabilizer of B-17s, served as a means of unit identification and a source of morale for the crew. They ranged from simple geometric patterns to elaborate artworks, each embodying the unique character and mission history of the aircraft.
The U.S. Army Air Forces (USAAF) officially authorized the use of second patches in 1944, recognizing their ability to foster esprit de corps and provide a sense of individuality amidst the standardized appearance of wartime aircraft.
Design and Execution
B-17 second patches were designed by a wide array of talented individuals, including artists, illustrators, and the crew members themselves. The designs often incorporated symbolic imagery, national flags, and squadron insignia.
The execution of these patches varied based on available resources and artistic skill. Some second patches were meticulously painted with professional-grade pigments, while others were created using stencils, cutouts, or even fabric scraps.
Types of Second Patches
The vast array of B-17 second patches can be categorized into several common types:
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Emblems: These patches depicted the squadron insignia or a variation of it. They aimed to instill a sense of unity and pride among the crew.
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Unit Mascots: Many second patches featured animal or fictional characters that represented the squadron’s spirit or a specific mission. These mascots evoked a feeling of camaraderie and humor.
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Mission-Related: Some patches highlighted specific missions or accomplishments of the aircraft. They showcased the crew’s bravery and resilience in the face of danger.
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Nose Art Transplants: In some cases, second patches were essentially transplants of nose art from a previous aircraft that had been lost or damaged. This practice preserved the artwork’s legacy and infused the new aircraft with a sense of history.
- Non-Standard: A handful of B-17s featured second patches that did not conform to the typical categories. These patches conveyed a wide range of themes, from squadron nicknames to personal memorials.
Later Use and Preservation
After the war, many B-17s were converted for civilian or museum use. As a result, their second patches have become highly collectible items, reflecting the historical significance and artistic value of these extraordinary aircraft.
Numerous organizations and individuals have dedicated themselves to preserving and studying the legacy of B-17 second patches. The B-17 Flying Fortress Historical Society maintains a comprehensive database and online archive of known patches, ensuring their preservation for future generations.
Conclusion
B-17 second patches are an enduring testament to the human spirit and the iconic status of the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress. They provide a glimpse into the lives and experiences of the men who flew these aircraft during World War II, and continue to inspire and captivate enthusiasts to this day.
As we continue to study and appreciate these remarkable aircraft, the second patches they bear serve as a reminder of their heroism, dedication, and the enduring legacy of the B-17 in the annals of aviation history.
Additional Tips for Researching B-17 Second Patches
- Consult authoritative sources such as the B-17 Flying Fortress Historical Society, the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, and the National Museum of the United States Air Force.
- Explore online databases and archives dedicated to B-17 second patches, such as the B-17 Patch Database and the Second Patch Archive.
- Examine aviation magazines and publications that often feature articles and photographs of B-17 second patches.
- Attend aviation conventions and meetups where experts and collectors gather to share their knowledge and collections.
- Get involved in local aviation clubs and museums that may have connections to former B-17 crew members or have displays of second patches.