Are you preparing for the AP Psychology Unit 2 test and feeling overwhelmed by the vast amount of material? Look no further! This comprehensive study guide will provide you with a detailed breakdown of the key concepts, theories, and research findings covered in Unit 2. By following this guide, you can develop a solid foundation of knowledge and boost your confidence in tackling this challenging exam.
Unit 2: Biological Bases of Behavior
This unit explores the complex relationship between biology and behavior, examining the physiological and genetic factors that influence our thoughts, emotions, and actions.
Subunit 2.1: The Nervous System
Key Concepts:
- Structure and function of neurons
- Neuronal communication through electrical and chemical signals
- Divisions of the nervous system: central and peripheral
Theories and Research:
- The Hodgkin-Huxley model explains the electrical impulses that travel along neurons.
- The gate control theory of pain proposes that spinal cord neurons can modulate pain signals based on other sensory inputs.
- Research on neuroplasticity shows that the brain’s structure and function can change in response to experience.
Subunit 2.2: The Endocrine System
Key Concepts:
- Structure and function of glands and hormones
- Regulation of bodily processes by hormones
- Interactions between the nervous and endocrine systems
Theories and Research:
- The general adaptation syndrome describes the body’s response to stress and its effects on hormone release.
- The Yerkes-Dodson law explains the relationship between arousal and performance.
- Research on hormone replacement therapy has explored the potential benefits and risks of hormone treatments.
Subunit 2.3: Genetics and Behavior
Key Concepts:
- Principles of genetics and inheritance
- Influence of genes on psychological traits
- Gene-environment interactions
Theories and Research:
- The twin study design is commonly used to investigate the genetic basis of behavior.
- The Minnesota Twin Family Study found significant genetic contributions to a variety of psychological traits, including personality, intelligence, and mental disorders.
- Research on epigenetics examines how environmental experiences can affect gene expression.
Study Strategies for Unit 2
1. Active Recall:
Instead of passively rereading notes, actively recall information by testing yourself through practice questions or flashcards.
2. Elaboration:
Connect new concepts to your existing knowledge and personal experiences to enhance understanding.
3. Chunking:
Break down large amounts of information into smaller, manageable chunks to facilitate retention.
4. Spaced Repetition:
Review material at increasing intervals to strengthen memories and prevent forgetting.
5. Visualization:
Create mental images or diagrams to represent complex concepts and theories.
Practice Questions
1. Describe the role of neurotransmitters in neuronal communication.
2. Explain how the pituitary gland interacts with the adrenal glands during the stress response.
3. Discuss the ethical implications of genetic testing for psychological traits.
Conclusion
By diligently studying the key concepts, theories, and research findings outlined in this guide, you can effectively prepare for the AP Psychology Unit 2 test. Remember to utilize active study strategies, engage in practice questions, and seek support from your teacher or online resources when needed. With consistent effort and a positive mindset, you can succeed in this challenging subject matter and excel on the exam.
