AP Lang 2018 Exam FRQ: Deconstructing the Prompts and Mastering the Art of Argumentation
Introduction
The College Board’s Advanced Placement (AP) Language and Composition Exam is a rigorous assessment of students’ writing and analytical skills. The essay prompts on the exam are designed to test students’ ability to construct well-reasoned arguments, support their claims with evidence, and effectively communicate their ideas.
Deconstructing the 2018 Prompts
The 2018 AP Lang FRQ featured three prompts that covered various aspects of argumentation. Let’s deconstruct each prompt to understand its key components.
Prompt 1 (Rhetorical Analysis)
Task: Analyze the effectiveness of the author’s use of language in a given passage.
Key Components:
- Analyzing the author’s language choices (e.g., diction, syntax, imagery)
- Identifying the author’s purpose and intended audience
- Evaluating the effectiveness of the language in conveying the author’s claims
Prompt 2 (Argumentative Synthesis)
Task: Write an argumentative essay that synthesizes evidence from multiple sources to support a claim.
Key Components:
- Identifying the claim and supporting evidence from the given sources
- Integrating the evidence into a cohesive argumentative structure
- Including a clear counterargument and refutation
Prompt 3 (Free-Response Argument)
Task: Write an argumentative essay that takes a position on a given topic without relying on external sources.
Key Components:
- Clearly stating a claim and supporting reasons
- Providing relevant examples and evidence to support arguments
- Anticipating and addressing potential counterarguments
Mastering Argumentation in the AP Lang Exam
To succeed in the AP Lang FRQ, students must master the art of argumentation. Here are some key tips:
- Understand the nature of argumentation: Arguments are claims supported by evidence and reasoning. Identify the claim, supporting evidence, and counterarguments in the prompts.
- Analyze language effectively: Pay attention to the author’s language choices and their impact on the argument. Identify figures of speech, rhetorical questions, and other literary devices.
- Synthesize evidence logically: When synthesizing evidence from multiple sources, ensure that the evidence supports your claim and is relevant to the topic.
- Provide strong support: Use specific examples, data, and authorities to support your claims. Quoting from sources or providing statistics enhances the credibility of your argument.
- Anticipate counterarguments: Consider potential objections to your argument and address them in your essay. Refuting counterarguments strengthens your position.
Practice and Preparation
Regular practice and preparation are crucial for success on the AP Lang FRQ. Here are some tips:
- Practice writing arguments: Write essays on various topics, paying attention to structure, evidence, and counterarguments.
- Analyze real-world examples: Study argumentative essays published in newspapers, magazines, and journals.
- Seek feedback: Have your essays reviewed by teachers, peers, or tutors to identify areas for improvement.
- Review past AP Lang exams: Familiarize yourself with the structure and format of the FRQ.
Tables for Understanding Argumentation Techniques
| Argumentative Technique | Definition | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Rhetorical Questions: | Questions posed for effect, not expecting an answer. | “Is this a fair question?” |
| Figures of Speech: | Literary devices used to enhance language. | “This argument is a tempest in a teapot.” |
| Emotive Language: | Words and phrases that appeal to emotions. | “This situation is heartbreaking.” |
| Logical Fallacies: | Errors in reasoning that weaken an argument. | “Ad hominem” (attacking the person, not the argument) |
FAQ: Answering AP Lang FRQ Questions
How should I allocate my time during the exam?
Plan to spend approximately 40 minutes on each essay.
What is the recommended word count for each essay?
Aim for approximately 600-800 words per essay.
Can I use outside knowledge in the AP Lang FRQ?
Yes, you can use outside knowledge for the free-response argument (Prompt 3). However, be sure to cite any sources from which you draw information.
How can I improve my argumentation skills?
Practice writing arguments, engage in discussions, and read persuasive writing to enhance your critical thinking and analytical abilities.
Conclusion
The AP Lang FRQ is a challenging but rewarding assessment that tests students’ writing and argumentative skills. By understanding the prompts, mastering argumentation techniques, and practicing regularly, students can effectively prepare and excel on this exam. Remember, the key to success lies in constructing well-reasoned arguments, supporting claims with evidence, and communicating ideas effectively.
